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Neutrinos are massively produced from exploding stars, black holes etc. in the deep cosmos. The high-energy component of the cosmic neutrino spectra is believed to be dominantly from the hadronic processes induced by cosmic ray interactions. The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrino sources will provide ‘smoking gun’ evidence to the origin of high-energy cosmic rays, shedding light on the underlying physics including the source environments and acceleration mechanisms involved. It will also open up new windows to test neutrino oscillation and search for new physics beyond the standard model over astronomical baselines. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has been observing a diffuse high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux since 2013, and has identified two promising source candidates, TXS0506+056 in 2017 and NGC1068 in 2022, respectively, starting a new era for high-energy neutrino astronomy. In this talk, I will give an overview on the latest progress in neutrino astronomy and discuss the future prospects to significantly advance this emerging field.